Fascinating facts about the Canary Islands

Often, when thinking about the Canary Islands, the first things that come to mind are its golden beaches, perpetual sun, and the feeling of warmth by the shores of the Atlantic. However, this archipelago hides secrets and curiosities that go far beyond tourism and relaxation. Islands where nature, history, and culture converge into a truly unique tapestry.

The archipelago is made up of eight main islands—some well-known, others less frequented even by mainland Spaniards—and a multitude of islets that guard the African coast. Each exhibits a strong and personal personality, shaped by the Guanche legacy, volcanic eruptions, migrations, a seafaring vocation, and deep ties with Latin America and Africa. Here, every anecdote invites curiosity and amazement; routine has no place among so many nuances.

An origin that surprises even scientists

The Canaries sit on a "hotspot" of the Earth's mantle that has shaped its spectacular landscapes through eruptions and centuries of slow work. Mount Teide, with 3,718 meters, dominates Tenerife and holds the title of the highest peak in Spain, but it is not alone: Timanfaya, Teneguía, and Cumbre Vieja have marked several islands with lava flows and craters.

Did you know that the most recent volcanic eruption on Spanish territory took place in La Palma? In 2021, the Tajogaite volcano, in the Cumbre Vieja ridge, reminded us that the Canary Islands continue to be geologically active.

However, the activity is not limited to the underground: in the sky, another phenomenon amazes visitors and astronomers. The observatories of Roque de los Muchachos and Teide enjoy some of the clearest nights in the northern hemisphere. It is common to see tourists and locals rising early, bundled up, to view meteor showers or the Milky Way in detail.

A biodiversity worthy of a continent

The oceanic isolation and variety of microclimates turn the Canaries into Spain's natural treasure. How does that translate into numbers?

The numbers confirm it: in the Canary Islands live hundreds of species of plants that do not exist anywhere else in the world, in its waters, about around 30 species of cetaceans and about 40% of its territory is protected. In addition, the archipelago has four UNESCO World Heritage sites : the Garajonay National Park, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, the Teide National Park, and Risco Caído and the Sacred Mountains of Gran Canaria.

Here live true living fossils, such as the ancient dragon tree or the laurisilva of Garajonay, a subtropical forest that covered southern Europe millions of years ago. The Canaries are home to exclusive butterflies, unique reptiles, and birds like the bluefinch of Gran Canaria, among other treasures hard to find anywhere else on the planet.

In the sea, whales and dolphins flow through the inter-island channels. The marine wealth is such that it attracts biologists from around the world eager to catalog algae, corals, and fish that only appear in these latitudes.

Traditions, legends, and gastronomy

Few places can boast having such original and diverse folklore. The Canarians celebrate life with fiery, colorful festivals. The carnival of Santa Cruz de Tenerife It competes in visual appeal with that of Rio de Janeiro, and the festivals fill entire towns with music, dance, and traditional clothing.

In many of these festivities, stories, rituals, and even superstitions with roots in the early Guanche natives are brewed. Legends like that of the demon Guayota, imprisoned in Teide to prevent misfortunes in the world, or the tragedy of Gara and Jonay, whose tears are said to still water the laurisilva of La Gomera.

Furthermore, the local cuisine has managed to make humble products shine with their own light:

• Wrinkled potatoes with mojo (red or green)
• Gofio, the toasted flour that was the base of the Guanche diet and now accompanies soups, desserts, and breakfasts
• Queso from Fuerteventura and La Palma, recognized in world competitions
• Salted fish and sancocho
• Watercress stews and other spoon recipes from peasant cooking

Everything is accompanied by volcanic wines, among which malvasía stands out, which seduced Shakespeare and the English court centuries ago.

A living museum under the open sky

Walking through the Canary Islands is like walking through chapters of history, some invisible beneath the earth. The archaeological routes reveal complexes of rock engravings, Guanche mummies in museums and natural monuments that served as altars for the first inhabitants, thus offering valuable information about their culture.

Some place names date back more than a millennium: Tindaya, Roque Nublo, Taganana (Tenerife). The persistence of aboriginal names and surnames is astonishing. Even words and expressions like “bus” (bus), “gofio” or “chacho” are part of daily Canary speech.

In speech, the widespread seseo, the use of “ustedes” instead of “vosotros,” and a musical accent that many mainland Spaniards often mistakenly associate with Latin America stand out.

Curiosities that many are unaware of

• The southernmost point of Spain is in the Canary Islands: Punta de La Restinga, in El Hierro.
• The famous silbo gomero—whistled language—allows for entire conversations between ravines and is an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
• In winter, it can snow on the peaks of Teide while people swim on the southern beaches, all on the same day.
• Many Canarians preserve ancestral traditions, such as the shepherd's jump, a technique to cross ravines with the help of a long wooden lance.
• The “extraterrestrial” morphology of Timanfaya has been used for astronaut training and space robotics tests.

Emigration and its round-trip effect

For centuries, poverty and lack of infrastructure pushed many islanders to seek fortune far away. Cuba, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, and Uruguay welcomed thousands of Canary families who, upon returning (the “indianos”), brought back fashions, accents, and recipes that transformed local culture.

This explains why traditional architecture features typically Caribbean balconies, or why so many popular songs evoke transatlantic nostalgia with infectious joy. The very open and hospitable character of the islanders is closely related to this history of comings and goings.

Tourism with a global impact

In recent years, visits have surpassed 18 million annually (18.6 million in 2025), placing the Canary Islands among the major tourist engines of Europe. These numbers are impressive compared to its just over two million inhabitants.

Despite human pressure, the archipelago manages to maintain much of its essence. A strategy that values hiking routes, star and whale watching, the revival of rural tourism, and culinary experiences. The challenge is assured: balancing economic prosperity and environmental sustainability, something that administrations, businesses, and civil society are working towards with determination.

A mirror of volcanic islands

Its volcanic landscapes evoke Hawaii or Iceland, but its culture and language bring the Canary Islands closer to the Hispanic world and Latin America. Its mild climate and the variety of landscapes make it a unique archipelago.

Festivities and customs not found in brochures

In rural Canary life, there are scenes worthy of a book: cheese festivals in Fuerteventura, water bringing in Gran Canaria, the dance of the dwarfs in La Palma, the floral carpets of Corpus in La Orotava... All have in common community involvement, the preservation of heritage, and the ability to reinvent traditions in a changing environment.

Dances, the timple (local string instrument), indigenous sports, and agricultural rituals amaze those seeking authenticity.

A melting pot of identities

The Spanish of the Canary Islands, its music, food, architecture, and even the stone mosaics that pave towns and paths testify to a constant mestizaje. The Guanches are still present in the genetics, toponymy, and many surnames; Cubans, Venezuelans, and Galicians have left their mark on hospitality, music, and the way of celebrating.

Here, the past and present coexist naturally, bringing a new discovery each day. The moment one steps onto the islands, this fact is perceived in everyday life: in the voices, the markets, the sobremesa, the plazas, and the gazes. Facing the ocean, island life teaches the lesson of diversity, adaptation, and constant wonder. The promise that in the Canaries, there is always a new curiosity behind every tale, path, or greeting.